图3.1 Engine block group发动机机体组

1—air filter assembly of crankcase曲轴箱通风空气滤清器总成；2—cover nut罩盖螺母；3—seal ring密封圈；4—bolt螺栓；5—cylinder head cover气缸盖罩；6—cylinder head cover gasket气缸盖罩垫片；7—cylinder head气缸盖；8、23—water plug水堵；9—cylinder head gasket气缸衬垫；10—dry type cylinder jacket干式气缸套；11—cylinder block气缸体；12、14—seal密封条；13、16、17—end, middle, front main bearing lid后、中间、前主轴承盖；15—main bearing bolt主轴承螺栓；18—timining gear cap正时齿轮室盖；19—crankshaft front-end oil seal曲轴前油封；20、22—liner衬垫；21—backing plate垫板

图3.2 Composition of crank flywheel group曲柄飞轮组

1—crankshaft timing pulley曲柄正时带轮；2—crankshaft曲轴；3—upper piece main bearing上片主轴承；4—flywheel fastening bolt飞轮紧固螺栓；5—needle roller bearing滚针轴承；6—flywheel飞轮；7—second main bearing lid第二道主轴承盖；8—thrust gasket止推垫片；9—first main bearing lid第一道主轴承盖；10—under piece main bearing下片主轴承

图3.3 Group of piston and connecting rod活塞连杆组

1—piston ring活塞环；2—piston活塞；3—connecting rod连杆；4—connecting rod nut连杆螺母；5—connecting rod lid连杆盖；6—connecting rod bearing连杆轴承；7—cylinder block气缸体；8—connecting rod bolt连杆螺栓；9—piston pin clasp活塞销卡环；10—piston pin活塞销

图3.4 Structure of crankshaft曲轴的构造

(a)crankshaft曲轴；(b)the over fillet of journal ends轴颈两端的过渡圆角；(c)counterweights平衡重

1—front end axis前端轴；2—lubricant gallery润滑油道；3、6、8、11、13—journal主轴颈；4、14—crank pin连杆轴颈；5—end lug后端凸缘；7—crank曲柄；9—journal shoulder主轴颈圆角；10—crank pin shoulder连杆轴颈圆角；12—counterweights平衡重

图3.5 Structure of Piston活塞的构造

(a)full profile全剖；(b)partial profile局部剖

1—piston skirt活塞裙部；2—piston pin clasp活塞销卡环；3—piston pin活塞销；4—piston pin wall活塞销座；5—piston head活塞头部；6—stiffening rib加强筋；7—piston ring活塞环；8—piston crown活塞顶部

图3.6 Cylinder cap and gasket气缸盖和气缸垫

1—fuel filler lid加油口盖；2—seal密封条；3—cylinder head cover sealing gasket气缸盖罩密封垫；4—camshaft timing pulley凸轮轴正时带轮；5—camshaft凸轮轴；6—cylinder gasket气缸垫；7—cylinder head气缸盖；8—cylinder head bolt气缸盖螺栓；9—plug堵塞；10—oil guiding slab导油板；11—cylinder head cover bead气缸盖罩压条；12—cylinder head cover气缸盖罩

图3.7 Structure of cylinder body气缸体的结构形式

(a)in-line types直列式；(b)horizontal types卧式；(c)V types V形

图3.8 Structure of crankcase曲轴箱的结构形式

(a)plane-bedded cylinder平底式气缸；(b)planer type龙门式；(c)tunnel type隧道式

1—cylinder block气缸体；2—cooling jacket水套；3—camshaft block hole凸轮轴座孔；4—stiffening rib加强筋；5—wet-type cylinder liner湿缸套；6—main bearing wall主轴承座；7—main bearing block hole主轴承座孔；8—installation of oil pan machining plane安装油底壳的加工面；9—installation of main bearing lid machining plane安装主轴的轴承盖加工面

图3.9 Cylinder block and head发动机的气缸体和气缸盖

(a)water jacket of coolant engine水冷式发动机的水套；(b)radiator grill of air-cooled engine风冷式发动机的散热片

1—cylinder block气缸体；2—cooling water jacket水套；3—cylinder head气缸盖；4—combustion chamber燃烧室；5—cylinder gasket气缸垫；6—radiator散热片

图3.10 Combustion chamber of gasoline engine汽油机燃烧室

1—hemisherical chamber半球形；2—multiplespherical多球形；3—wedge-shape楔子形；4—basin shaped浴盆形；5—pent-roof-shaped篷形；6—tundish-shaped漏斗形

图3.11 Oil pan油底壳

1—liner衬垫；2—stabilizing oil shield稳油挡板；3—magnetic drain plug磁性放油螺塞

图3.12 Engine supports发动机支承

(a)three-points support三点支承；(b)four-points supports四点支承

1—front supports前支承；2—behind supports后支承；3—rubber skid橡胶垫块；4—pull rod拉杆

图3.13 Oil ring油环

(a)profile轮廓；(b)structure结构

1—top segment上刮片；2—expander衬簧；3—bottom segment下刮片；4—piston活塞

图3.14 Rubber crankshaft vibration damper橡胶式曲轴扭转减振器

1—front-end crankshaft曲轴前端；2—pulley hub带轮轮毂；3—shock absorber disc减振器圆盘；4—rubber bearing橡胶垫；5—inertial disc惯性盘；6—pulley带轮

图3.15 Two balance shafts with four cylindes一种直列四缸机两根平衡轴机构

1—right balancer shaft and balance weight右平衡轴及平衡重；2—left balancer shaft and balance weight左平衡轴及平衡重；3—drive gear传动齿轮；4—driving chain传动链条